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E-HERBARIA
- Name : Ajwain
- English Name :Ajowain, Thyme
- Scientific Name :Trachyspermum ammi, Carum copticum, Ptychotis ajwan
Habitat:
An annual, erect herb, upto 90 cm tall, cultivated almost throughout India, uprooted and thrashed for collecting the fruits.1
Morphology Description (Habit):
Fruit, consists of two mericaprs, greyish brown, ovoid, compressed, about 2 mm long and 1 mm wide with pale coloured protuberances, 5 ridges and 6 vittae in each mericarp, usually separate, 5 primary ridges pale in colour, odour, characteristic, thymolic, taste, pungent.1
Parts Used:
Fruit
Phytochemistry:
Essential oil and fixed oil.
As per Ayurveda:
Rasa (Taste) : Pungent, bitter
Guna (Property) : Light, rough and sharp
Veerya (Potency) : Hot
Vipaka (End Result) : Pungent
Pharmacological Actions:
Carum copticum from Apiaceae family has several biological effects including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic and antispasmodic activities.2
The primary pharmacological actions of this carminative fruit are summarized as under:
Central Nervous System:
i. Carum copticum is effective in suppression of morphine withdrawal.2
ii. Possesses sedative and anxiolytic properties.3
Respiratory System:
i. Exerts significant bronchodilatory effect.4
ii. Possesses significant antitussive effect.5
iii. The essential oil exerts relaxant effect on trachea, mainly due to carvacrol.6
Digestive System:
i. Exerts spasmolytic activity owing to inhibitory effect on acetylcholine induced ileal contraction.7
Cardiovascular System:
i. Trachyspermum ammi contains a calcium channel blocker-like constituent (thymol) which is implicated in its hypotensive and bradycardiac effects.8
Urinary System:
i. Possesses antilithiatic potential, maintains renal functioning, reduces renal injury and decreases crystal excretion in urine and retention in renal tissues.9
Musculoskeletal System:
i. Carum copticum extract possesses a clear-cut analgesic effect.10
Others:
i. Mitigates biofilm formation and caries development.11
ii. Carum Oil possesses significant antioxidant and antibacterial properties.12
Indications:
Indigestion, Flatulence and allied Abdominal Discomfort
Dysmenorrhea
Dental Caries
Cough, Bronchitis, Bronchial Asthma
Hypertension
Musculoskeletal Pains and Inflammation
References:
1. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-1.
2. Ghannadi A, Hajhashemi V, Abrishami R. Effects of the Persian Carum copticum fruit extracts on morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice. Res Pharm Sci. 2012 Jul;7(3):127-31.
3. Rezvani ME, Roohbakhsh A, Mosaddegh MH, et al. Anticonvulsant and depressant effects of aqueous extracts of Carum copticum seeds in male rats. Epilepsy Behav. 2011 Oct;22(2):220-5.
4. Boskabady MH, Alizadeh M, Jahanbin B. Bronchodilatory effect of Carum copticum in airways of asthmatic patients. Therapie. 2007 Jan-Feb;62(1):23-9.
5. Boskabady MH, Jandaghi P, Kiani S, Hasanzadeh L. Antitussive effect of Carum copticum in guinea pigs. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Feb 10;97(1):79-82.
6. Boskabady MH, Ramazani M, Tabei T. Relaxant effects of different fractions of essential oil from Carum copticum on guinea pig tracheal chains. Phytother Res. 2003 Dec;17(10):1145-9.
7. Hejazian-Y SH, Dashti-R MH, Mahdavi SM, Qureshi MA. The effect of Carum Copticum extract on acetylcholine induced contraction in isolated rat's ileum. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2009 Mar;2(1):75-8.
8. Aftab K, Atta-Ur-Rahman, Usmanghani K. Blood pressure lowering action of active principle from Trachyspermum ammi (L.) sprague. Phytomedicine. 1995 Jul;2(1):35-40.
9. Kaur T, Bijarnia RK, Singla SK, Tandon C. In vivo efficacy of Trachyspermum ammi anticalcifying protein in urolithiatic rat model. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Dec 10;126(3):459-62.
10. Dashti-Rahmatabadi MH, Hejazian SH, Morshedi A, Rafati A. The analgesic effect of Carum copticum extract and morphine on phasic pain in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Jan 19;109(2):226-8.
11. Khan R, Adil M, Danishuddin M, et al. In vitro and in vivo inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm by Trachyspermum ammi seeds: an approach of alternative medicine. Phytomedicine. 2012 Jun 15;19(8-9):747-55.
12. Kavoosi G, Tafsiry A, Ebdam AA, Rowshan V. Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from Carum copticum seed and Ferula assafoetida latex. J Food Sci. 2013 Feb;78(2):T356-61.
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Product Range:
Digestive Tea , Kapha Tea , Laxit Tea , Rumarid Oil , Sennabael Granules