Habitat:

This annual herb is commonly found in tropical and coastal regions.

Morphology Description (Habit):

The herb is approximately 40-50 cm high, often branched at the base of the stem. It has small, elliptic leaves and yellow axillary flowers

Parts Used:

Whole Plant (Root, Stem and Leaf)

Phytochemistry:

The main chemical constituents include flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, lignans, tannins, saponins and coumarins. The bark and leaves contain a bitter principle Phyllanthin. Other components include hypophyllanthin, rutin, gallic acid, lignans ? niranthin, nirtetralin and phyltetralin.

Recently a tannin ? Corilagin (β-1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-D-glucose) has also been isolated that exhibits anti-hyperalgesic activity.1

As per Ayurveda:

           Rasa (Taste)                 : Sweet, Bitter, Astringent

           Guna (Property)           : Light, rough

           Veerya (Potency)         : Cold

           Vipaka (End Result)      : Sweet

Pharmacological Actions:

As per Ayurveda, Bhumi Amalaki is Pittahara. The primary pharmacological actions of this therapeutic herb are summarized as under:

Respiratory System: 

i. Possesses significant bronchodilatory action.

Digestive System : 

i. Excellent digestive and stomachic herb.

ii. Possesses mild laxative and anti-helminthic activities.

iii. Protects against Liver Cirrhosis induced by Hepatotoxins.2

iv. Protects the liver against ALD (Alcohol-induced Liver Damage).

v. Possesses potent anti-hepatitis B virus activities.3

Endocrynal System: 

i. Significantly inhibits α-amylase and α-glucosidase, especially protects against post-prandial hyperglycemia and reduces haemoglobin glycation in Diabetes mellitus.4

Cardio Vascular System: 

i. Potent lipid lowering herb.

ii. Exerts vasorelaxant and anti-hypertensive activities.

Urinary System : 

i. Exerts preventive effect in Urinary Stone formation and favours elimination - Interferes with Stone formation, reduces crystal aggregation, causes ureteral relaxation and facilitates elimination of calculi from the urinary tract.5

ii. Possesses excellent anti-inflammatory action and protects against toxin-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.6

Musculoskeletal System: 

i. Potent antihyperuricemic herb, possessing uricosuric and xanthine oxidase inhibition action.7

Others : 

i. Exerts anti-malarial and anti-filarial activities.

ii. Possesses excellent antioxidant and anti-cancer activities.

iii. Exhibits anti-HIV activity.

Indications:

Loss of appetite, Indigestion and Constipation

Jaundice, Viral and Alcohol induced Hepatitis

Urinary tract calculi (stones), Impaired Renal functions and Crystalluria

Hyperuricemia and Gouty Arthritis

Reduces the risk of Gall stones

(As an adjuvant in) Bronchial Asthma, Dyslipidemia and Hypertension

References:

1. Moreira J, Klein-J?nior LC, Cechinel Filho V, Buzzi FD. Anti-hyperalgesic activity of corilagin, a tannin isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2013. pii: S0378-8741(13)00010-X.

2. Amin ZA, Bilgen M, Alshawsh MA, et al. Protective Role of Phyllanthus nirurii extract against Thioacetamide-induced Liver Cirrhosis in Rat model. Evidence based Complimentary and Alternative Medicine. 2012; 2012: 241583.

3. Wei W, Li X, et al. Lignans with anti-hepatitis B virus activities from Phyllanthus nirurii L. Phytotherapy Research. 2012; 26(7): 964-8.

4. Okoli CO, Obidike IC, Ezike Ac, et al. Studies on the possible mechanisms of antidiabetic activity of extract of aerial parts of Phyllanthus niruri. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2011; 49(3): 248-55.

5. Boim MA, Heilberg IP, Schor N. Phyllanthus niruri as a promising alternative for Nephrolithiasis. International Brazilian Journal of Urology. 2010; 36(6): 657-64.

6. Boeira VT, Leite CE, Santos AA Jr, et al. Effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Phyllanthus niruri and its isolated compounds on cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in mouse. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg?s Archives of Pharmacology. 2011 Sep;384(3):265-75.

7. Murugaiyah V, Chan KL. Mechanisms of antihyperuricemic effect of Phyllanthus nirurii and its lignan constituents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2009; 124(2): 233-9.

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