Habitat:

Tumburu consists of dried stem bark and fruit of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Syn. Z. alatum Roxb. (Fam. Rutaceae); an evergreen or sub-deciduous shrub or occasionally a small tree upto 6 m high, stem and branches, armed with long, sharp prickles, found in the hot valleys of the Himalayas from Jammu to Khasia hills at 600-1800 m and eastern ghats in Orissa and Andhra Pradesh at 1200 m, also sometimes planted for hedges in Assam.1

Morphology Description (Habit):

Bark - Corky, channelled and single quilled with large marks of tubercular prickles;0.1-0.2 cm thick, external surface pale brown, rough with numerous scattered patches of lenticels, rather deeply furrowed; internal surface smooth, light yellow to pale brown; fracture, short; odour, aromatic; taste, aromatic pungent.1

Fruit - Reddish-brown, sub-globose, mostly dehisced, follicles, containing a single seed in each follicle; seeds, globose, glabrous, shiny black; upto 0.5 cm long, and about 0.3 cm wide; taste, pungent; odour, aromatic.1

Parts Used:

Stem Bark, Fruit

Phytochemistry:

It contains volatile oil with active constituents linalool, limonene and lignan.2

As per Ayurveda:

           Rasa (Taste)                 : Pungent, bitter

           Guna (Property)           : Light, rough and sharp

           Veerya (Potency)         : Hot

           Vipaka (End Result)      : Pungent

Pharmacological Actions:

The herb is used as a carminative, stomachic and antihelminthics, and in the treatment of toothache.2

As per Ayurveda, Tumburu is Vatakaphahara. Its primary pharmacological actions are summarized as under:

Digestive System:

i. The stem bark possesses significant protective effect against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl(4) which may be attributed to the individual or combined action of phytoconstituents present in it.3

Others: 

i. The herb possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.4

ii. Owing to deodorant, disinfectant and antiseptic properties, the fruits are used in dental preparations.

Indications:

Toothache

Halitosis

References:

1. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-1, Vol- 2&4.

2. Singh TP, Singh OM. Phytochemical and Pharmacological profile of Zanthoxylum armatum DC ? An overview. IJNPR. 2011; 2(3): 275-285.

3. Ranawat L1, Bhatt J, Patel J. Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extracts of bark of Zanthoxylum armatum DC in CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Feb 17;127(3):777-80.

4. Guo T, Deng YX, Xie H, Yao CY, et al. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ethyl acetate fraction from Zanthoxylum armatum in mice. Fitoterapia. 2011 Apr;82(3):347-51.

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